Правильными считаются 97% английских глаголов, они образуют прошедшее время и причастие прошедшего времени при помощи окончания -ed. Остальные глаголы являютсянеправильными, то есть имеют самостоятельные формы, которые необходимо заучивать.
Ученые считают, что неправильные глаголы английского языка постепенно вымирают. В древнеанглийском языке (около 800 г н.э.) существовало несколько классов глаголов, различающихся по способу образования прошедшего времени. С тех пор идет процесс «регуляризации» – превращение неправильных глаголов в правильные, и скорость этого превращения зависит от частотности использования глагола. Чем реже употребляется глагол, тем больше он подвержен процессу стандартизации. Так, в древнеанглийском языке существовало 177 неправильных глаголов, сейчас их насчитывается на несколько десятков меньше. По прогнозам ученых-лингвистов, в течение ближайших 500 лет как минимум 15 неправильных глаголов станут правильными, и, скорее всего, это произойдет с глаголами to bid, to shed, to slay, to slit, to sting, to wed, но не с высокочастотными глаголами to break, to buy, to choose, to draw, to drink, to eat.
Опасаться этого не следует – приведенные ниже английские неправильные глаголы просуществуют в данных формах на протяжении всей вашей жизни .
ВНИМАНИЕ! Озвучка глаголов (аудио) временно недоступна из-за перегрузки на сервере. Приносим свои извинения.
| Глагол в инфинитиве без to | Форма прошедшего времени | Причастие прошедшего времени | Перевод инфинитива на русский |
| abide | abode, abided | abode, abided | пребывать, жить, придерживаться (ч.-л.) |
| arise | arose | arisen | подняться, возникнуть |
| awake | awoke | awoken, awaked ,awoke | будить, проснуться |
| be | was, were | been | быть |
| bear | bore | born, borne | нести, родить |
| beat | beat | beaten | бить |
| become | became | become | стать, сделаться |
| befall | befell | befallen | случиться |
| begin | began | begun | начать |
| bend | bent | bent | согнуть(ся) |
| beseech | besought | besought, beseeched | умолять, упрашивать |
| bet | bet | bet | держать пари |
| bid | bid, bade, bad (уст) | bid, bidden | предлагать (цену), велеть, просить |
| bind | bound | bound | связать |
| bite | bit | bit , bitten | кусать |
| bleed | bled | bled | кровоточить |
| blow | blew | blown | дуть |
| break | broke | broken | (с)ломать |
| breed | bred | bred | выращивать |
| bring | brought | brought | принести |
| build | built | built | строить |
| burn | burnt | burnt | жечь, гореть |
| burst | burst | burst | разразиться, взорваться |
| buy | bought | bought | купить |
| cast | cast | cast | кинуть, лить (металл) |
| catch | caught | caught | ловить, поймать |
| choose | chose | chosen | выбрать |
| cleave | cleaved , cleft ,clove | cleaved , cleft , cloven | рассечь |
| cling | clung | clung | цепляться, льнуть |
| clothe | clothed | clothed , clad | одеть |
| come | came | come | прийти |
| cost | cost | cost | стоить |
| creep | crept | crept | ползти |
| cut | cut | cut | резать |
| dare | durst, dared | dared | сметь |
| deal | dealt | dealt | иметь дело |
| dig | dug | dug | копать |
| do | did | done | делать |
| draw | drew | drawn | тащить, рисовать |
| dream | dreamt , dreamed | dreamt , dreamed | грезить, мечтатьвидеть сны |
| drink | drank | drunk | пить, выпивать |
| drive | drove | driven | гнать, ехать |
| dwell | dwelt | dwelt | обитать, задерживаться (на ч.-л.) |
| eat | ate | eaten | кушать, есть |
| fall | fell | fallen | падать |
| feed | fed | fed | кормить |
| feel | felt | felt | чуствовать |
| fight | fought | fought | сражаться |
| find | found | found | находить |
| flee | fled | fled | бежать, спасаться |
| fling | flung | flung | бросить |
| fly | flew | flown | летать |
| forbid | forbade | forbidden | запретить |
| forget | forgot | forgotten | забыть |
| forgive | forgave | forgiven | простить |
| freeze | froze | frozen | замерзнуть, замораживать |
| get | got | got, gotten | получить |
| gild | gilt, gilded | gilt, gilded | позолотить |
| give | gave | given | дать |
| go | went | gone | идти, уходить, уезжать |
| grind | ground | ground | точить, молоть |
| grow | grew | grown | расти |
| hang | hung, hunged | hung, hunged | повесить |
| have | had | had | иметь |
| hear | heard | heard | слышать |
| hew | hewed | hewed, hewn | рубить, тесать |
| hide | hid | hidden | прятять(ся) |
| hold | held | held | держать |
| hurt | hurt | hurt | причинять боль |
| keep | kept | kept | хранить |
| kneel | knelt | knelt, kneeled | становиться на колени, стоять на коленях |
| knit | knit | knit, kneeted | вязать |
| know | knew | known | знать |
| lay | laid | laid | класть, положить |
| lead | led | led | вести |
| lean | leant, leaned | leant, leaned | опереться, прислоняться |
| leap | leapt, leaped | leapt, leaped | прыгать |
| learn | learnt | learnt, learned | учить |
| leave | left | left | оставить |
| lend | lent | lent | одолжить |
| let | let | let | пустить, дать |
| lie | lay | lain | лежать |
| light | lit, lighted | lit, lighted | освещать |
| lose | lost | lost | терять |
| make | made | made | делать |
| mean | meant | meant | подразумевать |
| meet | met | met | встретить |
| mishear | misheard | misheard | ослышаться |
| mislead | misled | misled | ввести в заблуждение |
| mistake | mistook | mistaken | неправильно понимать |
| mow | mowed | mown, mowed | косить |
| pay | paid | paid | платить |
| put | put, putted | put, putted | класть |
| quit | quit | quit, quited | оставлять, покидать |
| read | read | read | читать |
| rebuild | rebuilt | rebuilt | перестроить |
| ring | rang | rung | звонить |
| ride | rode | ridden | ездить верхом |
| ring | rang (rung), ringed | rung, ringed | звонить |
| rise | rose | risen | подняться |
| run | ran | run | бежать, течь |
| saw | sawed | sawn, sawed | пилить |
| say | said | said | говорить, сказать |
| see | saw | seen | видеть |
| seek | sought | sought | искать |
| sell | sold | sold | продавать |
| send | sent | sent | послать |
| send | sent | sent | послать |
| set | set | set | устанавливать |
| sew | sewed | sewen, sewed | шить |
| shake | shook | shaken | трясти |
| shave | shaved | shaved, shaven | брить |
| shear | shore, sheared | shorn, sheared | стричь |
| shed | shed | shed | проливать, сбрасывать |
| shine | shone | shone | светить, сиять |
| shoe | shod | shod | обувать, подковывать |
| shoot | shot | shot | стрелять, давать побеги |
| show | showed | shown | показывать |
| shrink | shrank. shrunk | shrunk, shrunken | сокращать, сжиматься, отпрянуть |
| shut | shut | shut | закрывать |
| sing | sang | sang | петь |
| sink | sank, sunk | sunk, sunken | опускаться, погружаться |
| sit | sat | sat | сидеть |
| slay | slew, slaid | slain, slaid | убивать |
| sleep | slept | slept | спать |
| slide | slid | slid | скользить |
| sling | slung | slung | швырять, вешать через плечо,подвешивать(-есить) |
87 replies on “Неправильные английские глаголы”
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